Pape, K.E., Chipman, M.L.: Electrotherapy in Rehabilitation. Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation: Principles and Practice, J.A. Delisa, B.M. Gans, N.E. Walsh, et al eds. Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore, MD. 2004.

This is the Fourth Edition of the "gold standard" textbook of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. This chapter is a new addition to the 2 volume set. It covers Threshold Electrical Stimulation (TES) and Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation (NMES) in detail. There are sections on the use of E-stim for pain management, muscle weakness, spasticity reduction and motor re-education. Additional topics include the use of E-stim to improve wound healing, enhance bone growth/fusion, influence bowel, bladder and sexual function and peripheral nerve growth.

This book can be purchased from Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. (click)

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